Sorbonne Université

Official sorbonne-universite.fr: French B2-C1 depending on programme (Medicine specifically requires C1 unless holding a French baccalaureate). Foreign qualification equivalency assessed by a pedagogical commission rather than a fixed numeric GPA. Non-EU/non-French-baccalaureate applicants generally go through the Campus France "Études en France" procedure.

Sorbonne Université is predominantly French-taught (B2/C1 French expected); its limited English-taught tracks are reported to require TOEFL 80+/IELTS 6.5+ in secondary sources — an official sorbonne-universite.fr page with this exact figure was not directly captured in this pass. GPA ~3.0-3.5/4.0 informally recommended, not a fixed cutoff.

Official sorbonne-universite.fr: requires a Master's/engineering degree or equivalent, thesis-supervisor and research-unit-director approval, then doctoral-school-director proposal to the university president for final decision. "Very good" English generally required (French B2/C1 for some humanities-social-science fields); for specifically English-taught tracks, IELTS 6.5+/TOEFL 80+ is cited, but this is not confirmed as a strict university-wide floor for all doctoral schools — recorded as holistic given the qualitative framing used for the general case.