University of Bologna

Official corsi.unibo.it: English B2 required for English-taught programmes, with accepted IELTS scores ranging 5.5-6.5 depending on the specific programme (lower bound used here — check the specific programme page for its exact figure). Some programmes require the TOLC-E entrance exam (in Italian) plus English B2.

Official corsi.unibo.it (programme pages): B2-level English required, IELTS in the 5.5-6.5 range / TOEFL iBT 80-99 depending on programme (midpoint used here). GPA ~3.0/4.0 competitive reference from secondary sources, not a single fixed university-wide cutoff.

Official unibo.it: PhD requires a Laurea Magistrale/Specialistica (Master's-equivalent) or non-Italian equivalent, awarded via annual competitive examination per the Call for Application (published each April, ~1-month application window). IELTS 6.5 is cited as UniBo's general postgraduate benchmark, but this was not confirmed as a PhD-specific, university-wide figure in this pass — recorded as holistic pending programme-level verification rather than presented as a guaranteed floor.